Iso-Butanol (Isobutyl Alcohol)

Overview

Iso-Butanol (CAS No: 78-83-1), also known as isobutyl alcohol or 2-methyl-1-propanol, is a four-carbon primary alcohol. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. While it has limited miscibility with water, it is fully miscible with most organic solvents.

Unlike n-butanol, iso-butanol has a branched carbon chain, which leads to differences in its physical and chemical properties. It is widely used as a solvent in industry and as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals.

Applications

Iso-Butanol has a wide range of industrial and consumer applications:

Technical Specifications

Safety Information

Hazard Symbols and Statements

Flammable Eye and Skin Irritation Respiratory Irritation

Personal Protective Equipment

• Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene)
• Protective goggles or face shield
• Respiratory protection with organic vapor filter (in high vapor concentrations)
• Chemical-resistant apron or work clothing
• Adequate ventilation or local exhaust system

Storage Conditions

• Store in a cool, well-ventilated area
• Keep away from ignition sources and sparks
• Store in tightly sealed original containers, protected from sunlight
• Store separately from oxidizing agents
• Storage temperature: 15-30°C

Firefighting Measures

• Suitable extinguishers: Dry chemical, CO₂, alcohol-resistant foam
• Water spray may be used, but avoid water jets
• Intervene with trained personnel using appropriate respiratory protection
• Use dry chemical or CO₂ for small fires
• Use water spray for cooling in large fires

Handling and Storage

Handling

• Ensure containers are tightly sealed during transport
• Ground equipment to prevent static electricity buildup
• Provide adequate ventilation in transport vehicles
• Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking during handling
• Label transport containers as "Flammable Liquid"

Storage

• Store in stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass containers
• Mark storage areas with "Flammable Liquid" signs
• Use appropriate breather valves in storage tanks
• Use explosion-proof electrical systems for large-scale storage
• Prohibit smoking in storage areas
• Ensure grounding systems in storage areas

Spill Response

• Remove all ignition sources
• Use appropriate respiratory protection
• Absorb spills with sand, chemical sponges, or other absorbent materials
• Dispose of absorbed material properly
• Clean the spill area with plenty of water and detergent
• Seek professional cleanup services for large spills

Regulatory Information

GHS Classification

• Flammable Liquid Category 3
• Skin Irritation Category 2
• Eye Irritation Category 2A
• Respiratory Irritation
• Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure) Category 3

Key Regulations

• REACH: Registered
• CLP: Compliant
• OSHA: Subject to hazard communication standards
• NFPA 704: Health 1, Flammability 3, Reactivity 0
• EPA: Classified as a VOC

International Regulations

• European Union: Subject to Directive 2008/58/EC
• USA: Subject to EPA VOC regulations
• China: Listed on IECSC
• Japan: Listed on ISHL
• Global: Not subject to the Montreal Protocol

Environmental Information

Environmental Impact

Iso-Butanol degrades in the atmosphere through photochemical reactions (half-life of 1-3 days). It is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms if released into water sources. It is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment.

Biodegradation

• Air: Photochemical degradation with a 1-3 day half-life
• Water: Degrades via microbial activity within 1-2 weeks
• Soil: Rapid degradation via microbial activity
• Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD): 1.2-1.5 g O₂/g iso-butanol

Waste Management

• Classified as hazardous waste
• Dispose of in licensed hazardous waste incineration facilities
• Comply with local disposal regulations
• Prevent contamination of wastewater
• Take precautions to avoid soil contamination

Frequently Asked Questions

How is Iso-Butanol produced?

Iso-Butanol is primarily produced via the hydroformylation of propylene (oxo process). It can also be produced through certain fermentation processes. Industrial-scale production involves carbonylation and hydrogenation reactions.

What is the difference between Iso-Butanol and n-Butanol?

Iso-Butanol (2-methyl-1-propanol) has a branched carbon chain, while n-Butanol (1-butanol) has a straight chain. Iso-Butanol has a lower boiling point and different solubility properties. Their toxicity profiles are similar, but iso-butanol has a slightly higher vapor pressure.

Does Iso-Butanol damage plastics?

Iso-Butanol can affect polystyrene and certain other plastics. Polyethylene and polypropylene are resistant to short-term exposure but should be avoided for prolonged contact. Teflon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are more resistant.

What is the shelf life of Iso-Butanol?

When stored properly in sealed containers, iso-butanol has a shelf life of approximately 2 years. It should be tightly sealed and protected from air to prevent water absorption and oxidation.

What should I do if Iso-Butanol comes into contact with skin?

Remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash with plenty of soap and water. Prolonged contact may cause dryness and irritation. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. In case of eye contact, rinse with water for at least 15 minutes and consult an eye specialist.